The Military of Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), are the unified armed forces of Sierra Leone responsible for the territorial security of Sierra Leone's border and defending the national interests of Sierra Leone within the framework of its international obligations. Civil War In Sierra Leone And The Role Of "Blood Diamonds". [189][190][191][192][193] Other Christian Protestant denominations with significant presence in the country include Presbyterians,[194] Baptists,[195] Seventh-day Adventists[196] Anglicans,[197] Lutherans,[198][199] and Pentecostals. In May 1962, Sierra Leone held its first general election as an independent nation. After a trial that lasted a few months, Bangura was convicted and sentenced to death. Sierra Leone's tropical climate, heavy annual rainfall, and abundance of rivers give it the potential to realistically pursue more solar and hydropower alternatives. [222] Between June and July 2019, the FRCSL trained 1,000 community members from Makeni to be first responders and equipped each trainee with a first aid kit. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, a significant part of Sierra Leones history can be ascribed to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra, a Portuguese Explorer. A strong free journalistic tradition developed with the creation of several newspapers. In 1977, a nationwide student demonstration against the government disrupted Sierra Leone politics. Bio is the leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party, the current ruling party in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. In 1896 it annexed these areas, declaring them the Sierra Leone Protectorate. After the execution of Bangura, a group of soldiers loyal to the executed general held a mutiny in Freetown and other parts of the country in opposition to Stevens' government. They are virtually all Muslims. Before 2017, this province included the area that is now the North West Province of Sierra Leone. The British Crown reorganised the Sierra Leone Company as the African Institution; it was directed to improve the local economy. 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Brooklyn Museum. No style is the best. The largest city is Freetown with a population of 836 574. The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. A runoff election was held in September 2007, and Ernest Bai Koroma, the candidate of the main opposition APC, was elected president. Sandbars, generally separated by silting lagoons, sometimes form the actual coast. In 2018, Sierra Leone held a general election. One of the first ethnic groups to become educated according to Western traditions, they have traditionally been appointed to positions in the civil service, beginning during the colonial years. Other popular destinations for tourists include the Freetown Cotton Tree, located in Central Freetown, a significant national monument and integral to the founding of the city; Bunce Island, which is a boat ride from the city, is home to the ruins of the slave fortress that was being used during the Transatlantic slave trade; the Sierra Leone Museum, which has a collection of both precolonial as well as colonial artifacts and other items of historical significance; the National Railway Museum; or take a journey around the city's coastline with the popular Sea Coach Express. In addition, it stated that: The population size of Sierra Leone in 2021 has more than tripled since the first modern census that was conducted in 1963. [225], According to 2017 estimates, Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Prior to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra in 1462, Sierra Leones history can be briefly ascribed to its composition of few ethnic groups, prominent amongst these were Limba who already lived in Sierra Leone around the 8th Century and there is no clear evidence about their origin. Protesters have been killed by security forces, as have prison rioters (in one incident at Pademba Road Prison, 30 inmates and one correction officer were killed). The airport has paved runways longer than 3,047 metres (9,997 feet). Sierra Leoneans did not passively accept such manipulations. In November 1951, Margai oversaw the drafting of a new constitution, which united the separate Colonial and Protectorate legislatures and provided a framework for decolonisation. [157] A 2012 study was done on the correlation between Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and burning biomass fuels in the home. Each has a directly elected local district council to exercise authority and carry out functions at a local level. The Mandinka are predominantly found in the east and the northern part of the country. This polygon shapefile contains the boundary of Sierra Leone (adm0). Sir Albert was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favour of his own Mende ethnic group. Soon after Albert Margai was sworn in as Prime Minister, he fired several senior government officials who had served in his elder brother Sir Milton's government, viewing them as a threat to his administration, including Karefa-Smart. In April 1971, a new republican constitution was adopted under which Stevens became president. Bo is also headed by a mayor and governed by the city council. The Lungi International Airport located in the coastal town of Lungi in Northern Sierra Leone is the primary airport for domestic and international travel to or from Sierra Leone. [210] Males, on the other hand, presented higher levels of anxiety and hostility. The city had a population of 34,079 in the 2004 census and a 2013 estimate of 40,000. Stations mainly consist of local commercial stations with a limited broadcast range, combined with a few stations with national coverage Capital Radio Sierra Leone being the largest of the commercial stations. The Oku are virtually all Muslims at about 99%. The Criminal Libel Law, including Seditious Libel Law of 1965, is used to control what is published in the media. Sierra Leone is rich in natural resources, especially diamond, gold, bauxite and aluminium. Within days, Freetown was overwhelmed by the presence of the RUF combatants who came to the city in thousands. These Police Commissioners report directly to the Inspector General of Police at the Sierra Leone Police headquarters in Freetown. [161], In 2019 Sierra Leone had a population of 7,813,215[164] and a growth rate of 2.216% a year. [79] Due to the lack of access to basic education, women are the least prepared when it comes to processing business licences, registering names or contracting. Different European nations started using Sierra Leone as a trading point for slaves brought to the coast by African traders from interior areas undergoing wars and conflicts over territory. Numerous narrow inland valley swamps associated with the river systems occur in this region. The first of these goals is to provide solar power to at least 50,000 homes in 2016, the second is 250,000 homes by 2017, and finally to provide power to 1,000,000 people by 2020. Male. In June 2005, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and BirdLife International agreed to support a conservation-sustainable development project in the Gola Forest in south eastern Sierra Leone,[113] an important surviving fragment of rainforest in Sierra Leone. A small number of Sierra Leoneans are of partial or full Lebanese ancestry, descendants of traders who first came to the nation in the 19th century. This would imply that the identity of the person who named Sierra Leone is unknown. The Loko in the north are native people of Sierra Leone, believed to have lived in Sierra Leone since the time of European encounter. Radio is the most popular and most-trusted media in Sierra Leone, with 85% of people having access to a radio and 72% of people in the country listening to the radio daily. Sierra Leone has other smaller cities and towns that make up the geographic region of the country. Samuel Ajayi Crowther was the first student to be enrolled at Fourah Bay. Sierra Leone had its own parliament and its own prime minister, and had the ability to make 100% of its own laws, however, as with countries such as Canada and Australia, Sierra Leone remained a "Dominion" and Queen Elizabeth was Queen of the independent Dominion of Sierra Leone. In September 2017, a Sierra Leone-based Nigerian Pentecostal Christian pastor name Victor Ajisafe was arrested by the Sierra Leone Police and held in jail after he made controversial remarks against Islam and Sierra Leonean Muslims in particular at his church sermon in the capital Freetown. Internet access in Sierra Leone has been sparse but is on the increase, especially since the introduction of 3G/4G cellular phone services across the country. Below you can find a map of Sierra Leone provinces: Sierra Leone is divided into five units as the highest level administrative division. Charles Taylor then leader of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia reportedly helped form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) under the command of former Sierra Leonean army corporal Foday Saybana Sankoh, an ethnic Temne from Tonkolili District in Northern Sierra Leone. Mineral exports remain the main currency earner. The president appoints and parliament approves Justices for the three courts. However, the main suspect, Major S.I.M. In politics the overwhelming majority of Sierra Leoneans vote for a candidate without regard of the candidate being a Muslim or a Christian. Headquarters district formed from coastal sections of Karene and Ronietta. This sort of representation was not available in Nova Scotia. Like Stevens, Momoh was also a member of the minority Limba ethnic group. Agyepong I. There are ten regional airports in Sierra Leone, and one international airport. [54] The Liberated Africans eventually modified their customs to adopt those of the Nova Scotians, Maroons and Europeans, yet kept some of their ethnic traditions. [243], Rice is the staple food of Sierra Leone and is consumed at virtually every meal daily. Inland from the coastal plain is the interior plains region. [22][23], About 18 ethnic groups inhabit Sierra Leone; the two largest and most influential ones are the Temne and Mende peoples. They predominate in the large town of Koindu and its surrounding areas in Kailahun District. This allowed the crown to organize labour forces for timber cutting or mining, to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations as far away as the Congo. When Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Force was created from the Sierra Leone Battalion of the West African Frontier Force. Several mudslides occurred in the early hours of 14 August 2017 in and near the country's capital Freetown. Freetown is located in the Western region of the country and it is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean besides being the capital city of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone's third president, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, and Sierra Leone's first Vice-President, Sorie Ibrahim Koroma, were both ethnic Mandingo. According to an Overseas Development Institute report, private health expenditure accounts for 85.7% of total spending on health. It also has one of the lowest population densities in the country with just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census. The APC, with its leader Siaka Stevens, narrowly won a small majority of seats in Parliament over the SLPP in a closely contested 1967 general election. Most Sierra Leonean Muslims of the Sunni and Ahmadiyya sect generally pray together in the same mosque. Surveys of the religious make up of Sierra Leone vary widely, though Muslims make up the majority of the population. Area: 77.1 mile - 124.1 km radius. The districts are further divided into chiefdoms. Another prominent figure in Sierra Leone history is Bai Sherbro (c.18301912). An alleged plot to overthrow president Stevens failed in 1974 and its leaders were executed. The Sierra Leone Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police, the professional head of the Sierra Leone Police force, who is appointed by the president of Sierra Leone. Much of the recovery will depend on the success of the government's efforts to limit corruption by officials, which many feel was the chief cause of the civil war. Reference Location: Bombali District, Sierra Leone. The Kamajors, a group of traditional fighters mostly from the Mende ethnic group under the command of deputy Defence Minister Samuel Hinga Norman, remained loyal to President Kabbah and defended the Southern part of Sierra Leone from the soldiers. Sierra Leone is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant countries in the world. Its capital and largest town is Bendugu. . To be qualified as a Member of Parliament, the person must be a citizen of Sierra Leone, must be at least 21 years old, must be able to speak, read and write the English language with a degree of proficiency to enable him to actively take part in proceedings in Parliament; and must not have any criminal conviction. Sankoh was a British trained former army corporal who had also undergone guerrilla training in Libya. They reinstated the constitution and returned power to Stevens, who at last assumed the office of Prime Minister. Sierra Leone has a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi), divided into a land area of 71,620km2 (27,653sqmi) and water of 120km2 (46sqmi). In December 2005, UN peacekeeping forces pulled out of Sierra Leone. Four of the Sierra Leone regions are provinces, and the capital city is located on a peninsula called the Western Area. : Sierra Leone News", "SIERRA LEONE NOW: Attempts To Launder Maada Bio's Battered Image Fail We Were Not Supreme Council Members Civilians In NPRC Deny Involvement In Atrocities", "Standard Times Press Sierra Leone's NPRC's Ruthlessness No Death Certificates For 29 Sierra Leoneans", "How Sierra Leone fell into the hands of young soldiers", "Campaigns | Sierra Leone: Imminent execution / death penalty / legal concern", "Sierra Leone: one place where Tony Blair remains an unquestioned hero", "Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign", "Sierra Leone cancels all soccer matches over Ebola outbreak", "Auswrtiges Amt Sierra Leone: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise", "7 March 2018 Election in Sierra Leone by numbers", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "National Report on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Sierra Leone", "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", Sierra Leone Legal System and Legal Research, "Sierra Leone declares former junta head president", "Sierra Leone National Election Commission Bulletin", "Russia and Sierra Leone diplomatic relations", "Welcome to the Mano River Union Website", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations", Armed forces (Sierra Leone) Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments, "Summary (Sierra Leone) Jane's World Air Forces", "In Sierra Leone, Army Chief of Defence Staff Commends Troops", "State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults", "71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal", "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone", "ActionAid launches Perception survey as new local councils struggle to survive", "Sierra Leone Human Development Report 2007 Empowering Local Government for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction The District Focus Approach to Development", "Final Results 2004 population and housing census", "Bombali profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Tonkolili profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kambia profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kenema profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kailahun profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Bo profile of geographical entity including name variants", Sierra Leone News: Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes, "Energy Africa Access Campaign Policy Compact Sierra Leone Final Report", "Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Women and Children in Western Sierra Leone due to Smoke from Wood and Charcoal Stoves", "NATIONAL ENERGY PROFILE OF SIERRA LEONE [JUNE, 2012]", "Sierra Leone solar push aims to bring electricity to all by 2025", "The endgame of the Bumbuna hydroelectric plant project", "Sierra Leone signs MoU for $750 million hydro power boost", "Hydro brings light and hope to Sierra Leone", "Population, total - Sierra Leone | Data", "Sierra Leone: Krio and the Quest for National Integration", "Recounting the sacrifices that made Bangla the State Language", "Sierra Leone makes Bengali official language", "Sierra Leone Hailed for Religious Tolerance", "Preventing religious conflict in Sierra Leone: a careful balancing act", "Media Centre In Sierra Leone, partnerships with religious leaders help combat child mortality", "Interreligious Community Advocates for Peace in Sierra Leone with photos", "Ahmadiyya Movement Goes Mainstream in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone: Bo Ahmadiya Muslim Secondary School Golden Jubilee, Former Principal and Secretary-General Honoured, "National President of the Supreme Islamic Council of Sierra Leone Congratulates H.E (Rtd) Juilius Maada Bio and his vice, Dr Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh", "*Sierra Leone Imams present new president to Hon. Pro-slavery advocates accused the Black Poor of being responsible for a large proportion of crime in 18th century London. Native to Sierra Leone, they have occupied Sherbro Island since it was founded. The Temne and Mende people especially refused to pay, attacking and looting trading stations, and killing policemen, missionaries, and all those suspected of assisting the colonial government. Educated Krios held numerous positions in the colonial government, giving them status and well-paying positions. The candidate was Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh, head of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces and Stevens' own choice to succeed him. . As of 19 October 2014, there had been 3,706 cases of Ebola in Sierra Leone, and 1,259 deaths, including that of the leading physician trying to control the outbreak, Sheik Umar Khan. The Operation was successful with Indian and British Special Forces being the main contingents. The majority of the Kono ethnic group are Christians, though with an influential Muslim minority. [215] Teacher training colleges and religious seminaries are found in many parts of the country. Until 1906, Madam Yoko ruled as a paramount chief in the new British Protectorate. Outside the capital Freetown and other major cities, television is not watched by a great many people, although Bo, Kenema and Makeni are served by their own relays of the main SLBC service. The capital of this province is the city of Bo, and the largest ethnic group is the Mende ethnic group. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. Nearly 20,000 Liberian refugees voluntarily returned to Liberia over the course of 2007. There are several main internet service providers (ISPs) operating in the country. There are three free terrestrial television stations in Sierra Leone, one run by the government SLBC and the other two are private stations in Freetown, Star TV which is run by the owner of the Standard-Times newspaper and AYV Africa Young Voices. If you are interested in the answer to the question "How many men and women are there in Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone?" [39] The Settlers built Freetown in the styles they knew from their lives in the American South; they also continued American fashion and American manners. Port Loko, the capital city of this province, was named for the Loko people and was established by Portuguese merchants. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. The two districts of the Western Area are: As of 2017, there are 16 Sierra Leone districts. The Sierra Leone Broadcasting Service (SLBS) was created by the colonial government in 1934 making it the earliest English language radio broadcaster service in West Africa. Waterloo is the second largest city in the Western Area region of Sierra Leone, after Freetown. Roads and hospitals were constructed in the provinces, and Paramount Chiefs and provincial peoples became a prominent force in Freetown. Sierra Leone is home to about sixteen ethnic groups, each with its own language. The districts are further divided into 190 chiefdoms, which perform some local government functions. The report indicated that the countrys just-concluded first digital census proves that the nations population is Seven million, five hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and two (7,548,702). Madam Yoko (c. 18491906) was a brilliant woman of culture and ambition. There are also other popular beaches like the world renowned River Number 2 Beach, Laka Beach, Tokeh Beach, Bureh Beach, and Mama Beach. The president is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two five-year terms. The area is a peninsula and contains Freetown, the capital city of the country. 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