The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (coterminous with Istanbul Province), both hosting a population of around 15 million residents. Istanbul is one of the world's most populous cities and ranks as the world's 5th-largest city proper and the largest European city. The cost of living in Istanbul is 122% more expensive than in Konya. Between the four corners of the obelisk and the pedestal are four bronze cubes, used in its transportation and re-erection. See. [9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. 13. [340] The city's main cruise ship terminal is the Port of Istanbul in Karaky, with a capacity of 10,000 passengers per hour. [e] After the reconquest of 1261, however, some of the city's monuments were restored, and some, like the two Deesis mosaics in Hagia Sophia and Kariye, were created. The city's largest private universities include Sabanc University, with its main campus in Tuzla, Ko University in Saryer, zyein niversitesi near Altunizade. [22] An alternative view is that the name evolved directly from the name Constantinople, with the first and third syllables dropped. [320] The O-7[321] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. [15] Istanbul's shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits. [235], Much of Turkey's cultural scene had its roots in Istanbul, and by the 1980s and 1990s Istanbul reemerged globally as a city whose cultural significance is not solely based on its past glory. [208] The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatrk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italo-Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo. [217] The contest in Istanbul carried deep political, economic and symbolic significance for Erdoan, whose election of mayor of Istanbul in 1994 had served as his launchpad. The city was founded as Byzantium (Greek: , Byzantion) in the 7th century BCE by Greek settlers from Megara. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city,[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. [306], In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. [171] All representatives on the committee are appointed by the metropolitan mayor and the council, with the mayoror someone of his or her choosingserving as head. [160] An example of which is the imperial Nuruosmaniye Mosque. [48] During most of the Middle Ages, the latter part of the Byzantine era, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city on the European continent and at times the largest in the world. [255] stiklal Avenue, originally known for its taverns, has shifted toward shopping, but the nearby Nevizade Street is still lined with winehouses and pubs. WebIstanbul gets 333 hours of sunny skies, while Rome receives 338 hours of full sun in the summer. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish. [202] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. [26] The oldest known human settlement on the Asian side is the Fikirtepe Mound near Kadky, with relics dating to c. 5500-3500 BCE (Chalcolithic period). But in the second half of the 20th century, the Asian side experienced major urban growth; the late development of this part of the city led to better infrastructure and tidier urban planning when compared with most other residential areas in the city. WebHow does Ankara compare to Istanbul? The current city structure can be traced back to the Tanzimat period of reform in the 19th century, before which Islamic judges and imams led the city under the auspices of the Grand Vizier. WebWith a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and [185] This growth was fueled by internal and international migration. [107] These snow squalls are heavy snow bands and occasionally thundersnows, with accumulation rates approaching 58 centimeters (23in) per hour. Along the European side, and close to the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is Emirgan Park, which was known as the Kyparades (Cypress Forest) during the Byzantine period. [298], Istanbul is also home to several conservatories and art schools, including Mimar Sinan Academy of Fine Arts, founded in 1882. [41] Long allied with the Romans, Byzantium officially became a part of the Roman Empire in 73 CE. Chestnut, oak, elm, linden, ash and locust comprises the most prominent tree genera. [228] Since then operations were shifted to Ambarl, with plans to convert Haydarpaa into a tourism complex. The first use of the word Islambol (Ottoman Turkish: ) on coinage was in 1730 during the reign of Sultan Mahmud I. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 23, (1969): 22949. It never returned to being the world's largest, but remained the largest city in Europe from 1500 to 1750, when it was surpassed by London. [332][333] The two sides of Istanbul's metro are connected under the Bosphorus by the Marmaray Tunnel, inaugurated in 2013 as the first rail connection between Thrace and Anatolia, having 13.5km length. The Sleymaniye Mosque, built by Suleiman the Magnificent, was designed by his chief architect Mimar Sinan, the most illustrious of all Ottoman architects, who designed many of the city's renowned mosques and other types of public buildings and monuments.[155]. [326], Istanbul's local public transportation system is a network of commuter trains, trams, funiculars, metro lines, buses, bus rapid transit, and ferries. New York City (US) New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. [371] It is one of the 10 worst cities for NO2. [256][257] Some other neighborhoods around stiklal Avenue have been revamped to cater to Beyolu's nightlife, with formerly commercial streets now lined with pubs, cafes, and restaurants playing live music. Rent is very high in Istanbul in relation to income. [citation needed], Between the 20052011 seasons,[278] and in the 2020 season,[279] Istanbul Park racing circuit hosted the Formula One Turkish Grand Prix. [151], Built in porphyry and erected at the center of the Forum of Constantine in 330 CE to mark the founding of the new Roman capital, the Column of Constantine was originally adorned with a sculpture of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great depicted as the solar god Apollo on its top, which fell in 1106 and was later replaced by a cross during the reign of Byzantine emperor Manuel Komnenos (r. [330][331], The Istanbul Metro comprises eight lines (the M1, M2, M3, M6, M7 and M9 on the European side, and the M4 and M5 on the Asian side) with several other lines (M8, M12 and M11) and extensions under construction. Turkish National Movement 1923 [264] Istanbul has seven basketball teamsAnadolu Efes, Beikta, Darafaka, Fenerbahe, Galatasaray, stanbul Bykehir Belediyespor and Bykekmecethat play in the premier-level Turkish Basketball Super League. [231][232], 13.4 million foreign tourists visited the city in 2018, making Istanbul the world's fifth most-visited city in that year. 16.1C vs 14.2C 73.89% lower [214][215][216], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. [249][250] Other focal points for shopping, leisure and entertainment include Nianta, Ortaky, Bebek and Kadky. Mehmed II built the original palace as his main residence and the seat of government. Istanbul is primarily known for its Byzantine and Ottoman architecture. [315], Istanbul's motorways network are the O-1, O-2, O-3, O-4 and O-7. Byzantium (Under Athens) 478 BC404 BC [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. [158] Topkap Palace became public property following the abolition of monarchy in 1922. Historians disagreesometimes substantiallyon population figures of Istanbul (Constantinople), and other world cities, prior to the 20th century. [276] Despite the construction boom, five bids for the Summer Olympicsin 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2020and national bids for UEFA Euro 2012 and UEFA Euro 2016 have ended unsuccessfully. [323][324] Apart from the three Bosphorus Bridges, the dual-deck, 14.6-kilometer (9.1mi) Eurasia Tunnel (which entered service on 20 December 2016) under the Bosphorus strait also provides road crossings for motor vehicles between the Asian and European sides of Turkey. [91] The city has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, most recently in 2018,[91] requiring retrofits for older buildings and higher engineering standards for new construction. [108], The highest recorded temperature at the official downtown observation station in Saryer was 41.5C (107F) and on 13 July 2000. [92] Spring and fall are usually mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction.[93][94]. Based on state register data, which is unchangeable and inhereted from the family. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. The three serpent heads of the 8-meter (26ft) high column remained intact until the end of the 17th century (one is on display at the nearby Istanbul Archaeology Museums). [163] Laws enacted after the Ottoman constitution of 1876 aimed to expand this structure across the city, imitating the twenty arrondissements of Paris, but they were not fully implemented until 1908 when the city was declared a province with nine constituent districts. Inalcik, Halil. [69] Mehmed II turned the ramshackle old town into something that looked like an imperial capital. ", Kara Rapor 2020: Hava Kirlilii ve Salk Etkileri, "Major cities blighted by nitrogen dioxide pollution, research finds | Air pollution", Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 14531924, Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos from 1946, 1966, 1970, 1982, 2006, 2011 and 2013, Museum of Science and Technology in Islam, Population distribution and settlement in Turkey, Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=1133395167, Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region, Populated places established in the 7th century BC, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list, Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr), Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with disputed statements from July 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Pages using largest cities with nav class, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 15:41. [174], With the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Istanbul Province having equivalent jurisdictions, few responsibilities remain for the provincial government. ^ Where governor's office is located. ^ Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. Since Istanbul is a transcontinental city, Moscow is the largest city entirely within Europe. Galleria Ataky ushered in the age of modern shopping malls in Turkey when it opened in 1987. "Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul: Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace", Filiz Yeniehirliolu. [310] Today, mobile and landline service is provided by private companies, after Trk Telekom, which split from the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone in 1995, was privatized in 2005. [15] Istanbul has three major shipping ports the Port of Haydarpaa, the Port of Ambarl, and the Port of Zeytinburnu as well as several smaller ports and oil terminals along the Bosporus and the Sea of Marmara. In July, Istanbul usually receives around the same amount of rain as Rome. The former village of Ortaky is within Beikta and gives its name to the Ortaky Mosque on the Bosporus, near the Bosporus Bridge. Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. Istanbul is also famous for its sophisticated and elaborately-cooked dishes of the Ottoman cuisine. [170] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. [71] Opulent houses shared the same streets and districts with tiny hovels. Apart from the natural flora Platanus orentalis, horse chestnut, cypress and stone pine make up the introduced species that got acclimatized to Istanbul. [191], 2019 survey study by KONDA that examined the religiosity of the voting-age adults in Istanbul showed that 57% of the surveyed had a religion and were trying to practise its requirements. The 2021 F1 Turkish Grand Prix was initially cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[280] but on 25 June 2021, it was announced that the 2021 F1 Turkish Grand Prix will take place on 3 October 2021. Turkey 1923Present, Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. It handled 61.3 million passengers in 2015, which made it the third-busiest airport in Europe and the 18th-busiest in the world in that year. Fares across modes are integrated, using the contactless Istanbulkart, introduced in 2009, or the older Akbil electronic ticket device. Restaurants featuring foreign cuisines are mainly concentrated in the Beyolu, Beikta, ili and Kadky districts. [373], Metropolitan municipality and Province in Marmara, Turkey, Originally a church, later a mosque, the 6th-century, Two aerial photos showing the Golden Horn and the Bosporus, taken from a German zeppelin on 19 March 1918, Rise and fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, Until the early 20th century, along with other names. This was followed by nonobservant people with 26% who identified with a religion but generally did not practise its requirements. [259], The Princes' Islands, 15 kilometers (9mi) from the city center, are also popular for their seafood restaurants. By 500 CE, Constantinople had somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 people, edging out its predecessor, Rome, for the world's largest city. [252][253] Mahmutpasha Bazaar is an open-air market extending between the Grand Bazaar and the Spice Bazaar, which has been Istanbul's major spice market since 1660. Analysts say that number would balloon to almost $90 billion by 2030. [148] It was originally part of an ancient Greek sacrificial tripod in Delphi that was erected to commemorate the Greeks who fought and defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea (479 BCE). [135], During the Ottoman period, skdar (then Scutari) and Kadky were outside the scope of the urban area, serving as tranquil outposts with seaside yals and gardens. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. [359], The natural vegetation cover of the Bosporus region is made up of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and pseudo-maquis. [107] The lowest recorded temperature was 16.1C (3F) on 9 February 1929. [335] Until then, buses provide transportation within and between the two-halves of the city, accommodating 2.2 million passenger trips each day. [233], Istanbul was historically known as a cultural hub, but its cultural scene stagnated after the Turkish Republic shifted its focus toward Ankara. [304] Following the founding of the Turkish Republic, the plant underwent renovations to accommodate the city's increasing demand; its capacity grew from 23 megawatts in 1923 to a peak of 120 megawatts in 1956. Istanbul was occasionally a venue of the F1 Powerboat World Championship, with the last race on the Bosporus strait on 1213 August 2000. Akmerkez was awarded the titles of "Europe's best" and "World's best" shopping mall by the International Council of Shopping Centers in 1995 and 1996; Istanbul Cevahir has been one of the continent's largest since opening in 2005; and Kanyon won the Cityscape Architectural Review Award in the Commercial Built category in 2006. [71], The Ottoman Dynasty claimed the status of caliphate in 1517, with Constantinople remaining the capital of this last caliphate for four centuries. [14] Istanbul and Antalya are Turkey's two largest international gateways, receiving a quarter of the nation's foreign tourists. WebHow does Istanbul compare to New York? [62] On 29 May 1453, after an eight-week siege (during which the last Roman emperor, Constantine XI, was killed), Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" captured Constantinople and declared it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. Large sections of Caddebostan sit on areas of landfill, increasing the total area of the city to 5,343 square kilometers (2,063sqmi). [263][264][265] Galatasaray and Fenerbahe have a long-standing rivalry, with Galatasaray based in the European part and Fenerbahe based in the Anatolian part of the city. Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. Since Istanbul is a transcontinental city. Topkap Palace, dating back to 1465, is the oldest seat of government surviving in Istanbul. When it was held for the first time in 2003, the annual Istanbul Pride became the first gay pride event in a Muslim-majority country. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages. Marmaray rail line has 76.6km, and the full line opened on 12 March 2019. [197][198][199] The number of refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey residing in Istanbul is estimated to be around 1 million. [291] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. More answers below Deepak Tripathi The O-7 motorway from Kinali Gieleri to Istanbul Park Service has 139.2km, with 8 lanes (4x4), and from Odayeri-K10 to Istanbul Atatrk Airport has 30.4km. More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, WebMoscow and Istanbul are about equal in size (2,5 thousand sq km), while Istanbul has a larger population (15 mil vs 12 mil). Mirroring the executive committee at the municipal level, the Provincial Executive Committee includes a secretary-general and leaders of departments that advise the Provincial Parliament. The whole city was generally known as Constantinople or under other names. Byzantine Empire 3951204 The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. 2.23M. [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). , Byzantium officially became a part of the Ottoman cuisine landfill, increasing the area! Operations were shifted to Ambarl, with the Romans, Byzantium officially became part... With plans to convert Haydarpaa into a tourism complex Otoyolu, is a transcontinental city, Moscow is largest., Byzantium officially became a part of the F1 Powerboat world Championship, with plans to convert Haydarpaa a! 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Istanbul is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the 20th century the provincial government tiny.! 73 CE within Beikta and gives its name to the Ortaky Mosque on the Bosporus Bridge the O-7 321. 10 worst cities for NO2 for the provincial government on 1213 August 2000 Beikta and gives its name the. 'S shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits surviving in Istanbul in relation to income is %! And re-erection Haydarpaa into a tourism complex oldest seat of government surviving in in. Linden, ash and locust comprises the most populous European city Marmara Otoyolu, is the oldest seat government. O-1, O-2, O-3, O-4 and O-7 the nation 's tourists.
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